August 22, 1939 (Tuesday) London
Helen’s Diary
No Entry
Ruth’s Diary
Again to the American Express – where we got mail – changed money. Then Elsie, Dot, Helen, & I went to buy a bicycle for a friend of Dot. They stayed longer shopping than I wanted to so I went on by myself – took a tram & sat way up on the top down to the British museum. As I had just missed a conducted tour – I walked past the high Holbum street & saw shops – of the Georgian Victoria & period. I located Dickens house on Doughty Street, had lunch & returned to the museum. I had an excellent guide who made the tour very, very interesting – with subtle humor, wit, & anecdotes. (I will insert my notes on this tour later. It was now time to return to the hostel. Here we had dinner & got late passes as Helen wanted to look up an aunt. We took a tram out to Clopham Common & with little difficulty located the. We had a very pleasant evening with the with some excellent port wine served. Helen’s aunt & cousin were a little upset as this was the beginning of a European crisis. They both had lived in the U.S. for many years, in fact Texan was born there & had gone to school there. Somehow they had failed, or rather, the mother & father had failed to become naturalized & had overstayed their leave. This is the date of the pact between Germany & Russia – something I never dreamed would happen. & something that was to have severe repercussions – the extent of which we don’t yet know. (August 27, 1939) England since her frightful scare in September has been frantically preparing. It was quite a shock to me as we rode in to London – backward after backward all dug up & its mound of earth that was to provide shelter in case of air raids – the parks too were like this.
News from Europe
Hitler’s Decisive Speech; Europe on the Edge
On August 22, Hitler delivered a secret speech to his military leadership, clarifying intent to invade Poland and displaying ruthless logic for “physically destroying the enemy.” Dutch and Belgian military mobilizations began. On August 23, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact—a non-aggression agreement with secret protocols for partitioning Poland and the Baltic—was signed, irreparably breaking the anti-Nazi front and isolating Poland.
Britain and France Respond; War Powers Acts Passed
Britain implemented emergency powers, brought back Parliament, and started full-scale mobilization. President Roosevelt made a last plea to Hitler for peace, and the UK recalled its citizens from Germany. By August 24, the Royal Navy was mobilized, radar networks readied, and all leaves canceled. France enacted parallel measures.